Can light truly affect the brain? Science says yes. Photobiomodulation uses specific wavelengths of light to support brain function, neuroplasticity, and emotional balance. This article explores the mechanisms, research, and therapeutic applications of light as a healing tool.
What is photobiomodulation and why is neuroscience interested?
Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a method that uses specific wavelengths of red and near-infrared light to positively influence cellular processes in the body. Over the past two decades, it has gained significant attention in neuroscience. The reason is simple: the brain is highly energy-sensitive, and light is proving to be a safe and effective way to support its function and regeneration.
Unlike invasive treatments or pharmaceuticals that may cause side effects, PBM works non-invasively, painlessly, and with minimal risk. For this reason, it is becoming a leading option in cognitive health care, neurorehabilitation, and emotional regulation.
How does PBM affect brain cells?
When light of a specific intensity and wavelength (typically 660–850 nm) penetrates the skin and skull, it reaches the brain tissue and activates mitochondria—the cell’s powerhouses. The key enzyme here is cytochrome c oxidase, which absorbs photons and boosts ATP production (cellular energy).
Increased ATP production supports:
- faster neuronal regeneration,
- improved intercellular communication,
- reduced oxidative stress,
- stimulation of neurotrophic factors, such as BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), which is crucial for neuroplasticity.
Neuroplasticity is the brain’s ability to change its structure and function in response to stimuli—PBM directly supports this capacity.
Scientific findings and clinical studies
Research on PBM is expanding. Clinical trials have shown positive results in the following areas:
- Alzheimer’s disease: Studies published in Photobiomodulation, Photomedicine, and Laser Surgery demonstrated cognitive improvement after 12 weeks of home PBM treatment.
- Post-COVID fatigue and brain fog: PBM enhances cerebral blood flow and neuronal metabolism, leading to reduced fatigue and improved attention in some patients.
- Depression and anxiety: PBM may downregulate amygdala activity (the brain’s fear center) while strengthening the prefrontal cortex, which governs emotional control.
- Stroke rehabilitation: PBM helps rebuild neural connections and motor function faster.
Is PBM safe?
Yes. When used correctly (dosage, distance, duration), PBM is considered very safe. It does not heat tissue, cause damage, or produce pain. However, it’s essential to use certified devices and follow expert guidance—PBM is most effective when applied under professional supervision.
For neurodivergent individuals (e.g., with ADHD, autism, or PTSD), light exposure must be gentle, short, and highly individualized. This is where the Light Brains multisensory approach excels—the therapy respects the sensory threshold of each client.
PBM in Light Brains practice
At Light Brains, PBM is integrated into a broader multisensory brain therapy. This means light stimulation is paired with:
- guided sound therapy (e.g., binaural beats),
- aromatherapy with neuroactive blends,
- gentle vibrational input,
- and calming environments that promote deep relaxation.
Our goals are:
- enhanced cognitive functions (memory, attention, executive function),
- reduced anxiety and nervous system overload,
- support for recovery after mental or sensory exhaustion,
- activation of the client’s inner resources.
PBM is not an isolated technique—it is part of a holistic system that honors the connection between body, brain, and consciousness.
Summary
Photobiomodulation is a modern, evidence-based method that offers a gentle pathway to better brain function. Its effects are supported by dozens of studies, and its application is safe even for highly sensitive individuals.
Combined with other sensory inputs, PBM becomes a powerful tool for restoring nervous system balance. In a world where overload is the norm, light brings a new way to reconnect with oneself.
Sources and Further Reading
- Hamblin, M. R. (2016). Shining light on the head: Photobiomodulation for brain disorders. BBA Clinical, 6, 113–124.→ A review article discussing PBM’s potential in treating neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.
- Naeser, M. A., et al. (2014). Transcranial, red/near-infrared light-emitting diode therapy to improve cognition in chronic traumatic brain injury. Photomedicine and Laser Surgery, 32(12), 687–693.→ A clinical study showing cognitive improvements in patients after 12 weeks of PBM for chronic brain injury.
- Cassano, P., et al. (2016). Near-infrared transcranial photobiomodulation in depression and anxiety. Journal of Affective Disorders, 189, 103–110.→ Research demonstrating PBM’s positive effects on emotional regulation in patients with depression and anxiety.
- Salehpour, F., et al. (2021). Transcranial photobiomodulation improves cognitive performance in Alzheimer’s disease: A systematic review. Aging Research Reviews, 70, 101404.→ A meta-analysis supporting PBM’s efficacy in improving cognition in Alzheimer’s patients.
- Rojas, J. C., & Gonzalez-Lima, F. (2011). Low-level light therapy of the eye and brain. Eye and Brain, 3, 49–67.→ A foundational article explaining the mitochondrial and neurological mechanisms behind low-level light therapy.
